Therapeutic response of thymus hypoplasia with biomodulin T
Keywords:
thymus hypoplasia, Biomodulin T, immunododulator, thymus ultrasoundAbstract
Introduction: congenital immunodeficiencies are gene defects that often manifest early, during infancy or childhood, although sometimes they are clinically detected later in life. Among their disorders are those related to one of the primary organs of the immune response, the thymus.Objective: to describe the outcome of treatment with biomodulin T and the associated factors affecting the study population.
Methods: a developmental, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective research was carried out in children from six months to seven years old with recurrent infections and hypoplasia of the thymus diagnosed in the Immunology Consultations of Sancti Spíritus Province in the period from November 2017 to October 2020. The sample was conformed by a total of 49 patients. Thymus ultrasound, a questionnaire elaborated for this purpose and the application of biomodulin T as immunomodulatory treatment were used as a technique.
Results: patients with moderate thymus hypoplasia, male, in the preschool age group, with recurrent uncomplicated respiratory infections and prenatal history of urinary sepsis predominated. Most of the patients showed a satisfactory clinical and imaging response to treatment with T biomodulin.
Conclusions: the use of biomodulin T as immunomodulatory therapy showed satisfactory results, both clinical and imaging, in most patients.
Downloads
References
1.Abbas Abul K, Lichtman Andrew H, Pillai Shiv. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier; 2015.
2.Rabiola E. Timo. En: Fawcett DW. Tratado de Histología. 13 ed. Nueva York: Interamericana-Mc Graw Hill; 2014. p. 479-93.
3.Cepeda S, Griffith AV. Thymic stromal cells: roles in atrophy and age-associated dysfunction of the thymus. Exp Gerontol [Internet]. 2018 May [citado 12/06/2018];105:113-117. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869099/. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.022
4.Aster J, Kumar V. Leucocitos, ganglios linfáticos, bazo y timo. En: Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T. Robbins. Patología estructural y funcional. 6ta ed. Madrid: Mc Graw Hill-Interamericana; 2012. p. 675-726.
5.Bousfiha A, Jeddane L, Picard C, Ailal F, Bobby Gaspar H, Al-Herz W, et al. The 2017 IUIS Phenotypic Classification for Primary Immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol [Internet] 2018 Jan [citado 12/06/2018];38(1):129-143. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29226301/. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-017-0465-8
6.Lindsay EA. Chromosomal microdeletions: dissecting the 22q11 syndrome. Nat Rev Genet [Internet]. 2001 Nov [citado 12/06/2018];2(11):858-68. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11715041/. https://doi.org/10.1038/35098574
7.Thomas R, Wang W, Su DM. Contributions of Age-Related Thymic Involution to Immunosenescence and Inflammaging. Immun Ageing [Internet]. 2020 Jan [citado 02/10/2020];17(2):[aprox. 2]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6971920/. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12979-020-0173-8
8.Kinsella S, Dudakov JA. When the Damage Is Done: Injury and Repair in Thymus Function. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2020 Aug [citado 02/10/2020];11:1745. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7435010/. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01745
9.Tajima A, Pradhan I, Trucco M, Fan Y. Restoration of thymus function with Bioengineered Thymus Organoids. Curr Stem Cell Rep [Internet]. 2016 [citado 12/06/2018];2:128-139. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40778-016-0040-x.pdf. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40778-016-0040-x
10.Monet Alvarez DE, Verdecia Alba AJ, Marten Powell I, Álvarez Cortes JT. Los inmunomoduladores, sus características y aplicaciones. Primer Congreso Virtual de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas en Granma [Internet]. Manzanillo: Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma; 10-20 Jun 2020 [citado 02/10/2020]. Disponible en: http://cibamanz2020.sld.cu/index.php/cibamanz/cibamanz2020/paper/download/158/106
11.De la Guardia Peña O, Ustariz García C, García García MA, Morera Barrios LM, Chang Monteagudo A, Lavaut Sánchez K. Hipoplasia tímica en un niño con fibrosis quística. Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter [Internet]. 2014 [citado 12/06/2018];30(1):74-80. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/hih/v30n1/hih10114.pdf
12.Gonzalez Herrera L, Herrera Martínez M, Ley Vega L, Estrada López K, Piedra Morales O, Rodríguez Lugones E. Utilidad de la medición del timo fetal en el segundo trimestre de la gestación en Villa Clara. III Congreso Internacional Genética Comunitaria [Internet]. La Habana: Sociedad Cubana de Genética Humana;14-17 Nov 2017 [citado 12/06/2018]. Disponible en: http://geneticacomunitaria2017.sld.cu/index.php/gencom/2017/paper/view/39
13.Pérez Acevedo LC, Corredera Fernández R, Prado Elías OA, Addine Ramírez BC, Marrón González R. Evolución ecosonográfica e inmunológica en un caso de hipoplasia tímica severa. Introducción de variaciones terapéuticas. 16 de Abril [Internet]. 2017 [citado 12/06/2018];56(266):170-174. Disponible en: http://www.rev16deabril.sld.cu/index.php/16_04/article/view/612/pdf_151
14.Abusarah J, Khodayarian F, Cui Y, El-Hakim El-Kadiry A, Rafei M. Thymic Rejuvenation: Are We There Yet? En: D’Onofrio G, Greco A, Sancarlo D. Gerontology [Internet]. London: IntechOpen; 2018 [citado 12/06/2018]. Disponible en: https://api.intechopen.com/chapter/pdf-download/59290. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74048
15.Macías Abraham C. Inmunodeficiencias Primarias en Cuba. Informe preliminar [Internet]. La Habana: Grupo Nacional de Inmunología - Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología; 2014 [citado 12/06/2018]. Disponible en: http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/uvs/patologiaclinica/cgid._informe_preliminar.pdf
16.Addine Ramírez BC, Marrón González R, Reyes Fajardo M, Fonseca González RL. Inmunodeficiencias humorales en niños de 1-5 años. Principales enfermedades infecciosas asociadas. Granma. 2012-2017. RM [Internet]. 2018 [citado 02/10/2020];22(2):403-422. Disponible en: http://www.revmultimed.sld.cu/index.php/mtm/article/view/842/1215
17.Martín Peinador Y, Jiménez Alés R, Suárez Rodriguez A, Berghezan Suarez A, Morillo Gutierrez B, Morales Senosiaín D. Niño con Infecciones recurrentes. [Internet]. Madrid: Grupo de Patología Infecciosa, Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria; 2016 [citado 12/06/2018]. Disponible en: https://www.aepap.org/sites/default/files/documento/archivos-adjuntos/nino_con_inf_frecuentes_0.pdf
18.Vera Sáez-Benito MC, López Úbeda M, Madurga Revilla P, de Arriba Muñoz A, Bustillo Alonso M, Rodríguez-Vigil Iturrate C. Sepsis por Pseudomona como forma de debut de inmunodeficiencia primaria en un niño. Arch Argent Pediatr [Internet]. 2016 [citado 12/06/2018];114(6):e444-e447. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/aap/v114n6/v114n6a29.pdf. http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2016.e444
19.Woon ST, Ameratunga R. Comprehesive genetic testing for primary immunodeficiency disorders in a tertiary hospital: 10 year experience in Aukland, New Zelaand. Allergy Asmhat Clin Inmunology [Internet]. 2016 [citado 12/06/2018];12(65):1-8. Disponible en: https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-016-0169-2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-016-0169-2
20.Baumann U, Routes JM, Soler-Palacín P, Jolles S. The Lung in Primary immunodeficiencies: New Concepts in infection and inflammation. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2018 Aug [citado 02/10/2020];9:1837. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6096054/. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01837
21.Purizaca M. Modificaciones fisiológicas en el embarazo. Rev Per Ginecol Obstet [Internet]. 2010 [citado 12/06/2018];56(1):57-69. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3234/323428195010.pdf
22.Orbegoso Portocarrero ZN. Infección del tracto urinario como factor de riesgo asociado al desarrollo de amenaza de parto pretermino en gestantes que acuden al hospital nacional Hipólito Unanue, entre julio y setiembre del 2015 [Tesis]. Perú: Universidad Ricardo Palma Facultad De Medicina Humana; 2016 [citado 12/06/2018]. Disponible en: http://168.121.49.87/bitstream/handle/urp/570/orbegoso_z.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
23.González Corona EA. Diarrea aguda, prolongada y persistente en niños y su diferencia de la diarrea crónica. MEDISAN [Internet]. 2017 [citado 12/06/2018];21(9):2071-2084. Disponible en: http://www.medisan.sld.cu/index.php/san/article/view/1681/html
24.Yañez L, Rivacoba C, Zamorano J, Marinovic MA. Inmunodeficiencias primarias en niños gravemente enfermos: a propósito de 3 casos clínicos. Rev Chil Pediatr [Internet]. 2017 [citado 12/06/2018];88(1):136-141. Disponible en: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/rcp/v88n1/art10.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who have publications with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors will retain their copyright and assign to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to a Creative Commons License / Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) that allows third parties to share the work as long as its author and first publication in this journal are indicated.
- Authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., depositing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this journal is indicated.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional telematic archives or on their web page) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work. (See The effect of open access).
15 junio 2025
