Demographic and psychosocial aspects on suicide attempts in adolescents
Keywords:
suicide attempt, risk, risk factors, teenagersAbstract
Introduction: Suicide constitutes an important public health problem in teenagers surrounded by stigmas, myths and taboos. Each case is a tragedy that severely affects not only the individual, but also families and communities.
Objective: To describe demographic and psychosocial aspects on suicide attempts in adolescents at a health area in Villa Clara.
Methods: A descriptive study was carried out at “Marta Abreu” Teaching Polyclinic in Santa Clara, Villa Clara, between November 2023 and February 2024. The population was made up of 73 adolescents who attempted suicide between January 2019 and October 2023. Analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, historical-logical and empirical theorical methods were used: documentary analysis of clinical records; and mathematical for numerical data expressed in percentages and presented in tables.
Results: Suicide attempts predominated in late adolescence (65.75%), in females (68,75%), completed secondary school (54.17%) and white skin (60.27%). The most frequent psychosocial risk factors were poor socioeconomic conditions (34.25% of the total and 44.00% of middle adolescents), excessive use of social networks (15.07%) and sexual abuse (12.33%). All of the dysfunctional and severely dysfunctional teenagers occupied around 70% independent of the adolescent stage. Consuming tablets was the most frequent method used (94.52%).
Conclusions: Suicide attempts occurred more frequently in late adolescent, in females, white skin and those with completed high school education. The poor socioeconomic situation prevailed; the excessive use of social networks, dysfunctional family and almost everyone used consuming tablets method.
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