Demographic and psychosocial aspects on suicide attempts in adolescents
Keywords:
suicide attempt, risk, risk factors, teenagersAbstract
Introduction: Suicide constitutes an important public health problem in teenagers surrounded by stigmas, myths and taboos. Each case is a tragedy that severely affects not only the individual, but also families and communities.
Objective: To describe demographic and psychosocial aspects on suicide attempts in adolescents at a health area in Villa Clara.
Methods: A descriptive study was carried out at “Marta Abreu” Teaching Polyclinic in Santa Clara, Villa Clara, between November 2023 and February 2024. The population was made up of 73 adolescents who attempted suicide between January 2019 and October 2023. Analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, historical-logical and empirical theorical methods were used: documentary analysis of clinical records; and mathematical for numerical data expressed in percentages and presented in tables.
Results: Suicide attempts predominated in late adolescence (65.75%), in females (68,75%), completed secondary school (54.17%) and white skin (60.27%). The most frequent psychosocial risk factors were poor socioeconomic conditions (34.25% of the total and 44.00% of middle adolescents), excessive use of social networks (15.07%) and sexual abuse (12.33%). All of the dysfunctional and severely dysfunctional teenagers occupied around 70% independent of the adolescent stage. Consuming tablets was the most frequent method used (94.52%).
Conclusions: Suicide attempts occurred more frequently in late adolescent, in females, white skin and those with completed high school education. The poor socioeconomic situation prevailed; the excessive use of social networks, dysfunctional family and almost everyone used consuming tablets method.
Downloads
References
1. Fonseca-Pedrero E, Al-Halabí S, Pérez-Albéniz A, Debbané M. Risk and Protective Factors in Adolescent Suicidal Behaviour: A Network Analysis. International J of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2 jun 2022];19(3):[aprox. 25 p.]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834911/
2. Álvarez-Borges C, Carmenate-Rodríguez I, Linares-Batista I. Características psicopatológicas de la conducta suicida en la población infanto juvenil. Revista del Hospital Psiquiátrico de La Habana [Internet]. 2023 [citado 2 Jun. 2023]; 20(1):[aprox. ] Disponible en: https://revhph.sld.cu/index.php/hph/article/view/298
3. Zamorano J, Ahumada J, Valdez C, Gámez M, Herrera J. Consumo de alcohol e ideación suicida en adolescentes y jóvenes: una revisión sistemática. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar. [Internet]. 2023 [citado 25/06/2023] ;6(6): p. 13574-13592. Disponible en: https://ciencialatina.org/index.php/cienciala/article/view/4354
4. Cortes Alfaro A, Román Hernández M, Suarez Medina R, Alonso Uría R. Conducta suicida, adolescencia y riesgo. Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba [Internet] 2021[citado 17 Feb. 2023] 11 (2). Disponible en: https://revistaccuba.sld.cu/index.php/revacc/article/view/939
5. Fonseca Pedrero E, Pérez de Albeniz A. Evaluación de la conducta suicida en adolescentes: a propósito de la escala Paykel de suicidio. Papeles del psicólogo [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2 Jun. 2023 ];41(2):[aprox. 19 p.]. Disponible en: https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?pid=S0214-78232020000200106&script=sci_abstract
6. Tirado K, Díaz J. Depresión e ideación suicida en adolescentes: una revisión narrativa. Psique Mag. 2022; 11(2): p. 108-116.
7. Böttcher R, Garay C. Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados al suicidio en países latinoamericanos. Revista psicodebate: psicología, cultura y sociedad [Internet]. 2021 [citado 12/06/2023]; 21(1): p. 61-78. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2451-66002021000100061
8. Torres Lío V, Josué Díaz L, Rodríguez Valdés NR, Font Darias I, Gómez Arias A. Conducta suicida en pacientes atendidos en un centro de urgencias. Rev Cuba Med Mil [Internet]. 2005 [citado 6 Jun. 2023];24(3):[aprox. ]. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0138-65572005000300006
9. Cortés Alfaro A, Suárez Medina R, Serra Larín S. Métodos y sustancias empleados en la conducta suicida en adolescentes. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr [Internet]. 2019 [citado 12 Feb 2023]; 35(4):e1105. Disponible en:
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S086421252019000400011&lng=es.
10. Cohen-Almagor R. Bullying, ciberbullyingand hate speech. International J of Technoethics [Internet]. 2022 [citado 12 mar. 2023 ];13(1):[aprox.33 p.]. Disponible en: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4033031
11. Pere Castellvi O, Piqueras Rodríguez JA. El suicidio en la adolescencia: un problema de salud pública que se puede y debe prevenir. Revista de Estudios de Juventud [Internet]. 2018 [citado 14 Jun. 2023];(121): 45-59. Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7161801
12. Mera Leones F, López Padrón A. Funcionamiento familiar y conductas de riesgo en adolescentes: un estudio diagnóstico. Revista Cognosis. Revista de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación [Internet]. 2019 [citado 31 jul 2022]; IV (4): 139-148. Disponible en: https://www.google.com/url?esrc=s&q=&rct=j&sa=U&url=https://redib.org/Record/oai_articulo2487197-funcionamiento-familiar-y-conductas-de-riesgo-en-adolescentes-un-estudio diagn%25C3%25B3stico&ved=2ahUKEwj88qz9mMT6AhXobTABHa1OCgcQFnoECAAQAg&usg=AOvVaw1JnBazkWLILbgYL7FSyRTq
13. Pérez Collado J, Pérez Collado T, Azcuy Collado M, Mirabal Martínez G. Intento suicida en adolescentes, un problema de salud en la comunidad. Rev Cub Invest Bioméd [Internet]. 2014 [citado 12 Feb de 2023]; 33(1):70-80. Disponible en:
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-03002014000100008
14. Gómez Tabares AS, Núñez C, Agudelo Osorio MP, Caballo VE. Riesgo suicida y su relación con la inteligencia emocional y la autoestima en estudiantes universitarios. Terapia Psicológica [Internet]. 2020 [citado 5 Jun 2023];38(3): 403-426. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082020000300403
15. Huanca S. La autoestima y su relación con el rendimiento académico en las estudiantes del cuarto ciclo de Educación Inicial en el Curso de Investigación III del ISPP Amauta, Lima 2018. (Tesis de maestría). Perú: Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle; 2019. Disponible en: https://repositorio.une.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/UNE/3396/TM%20CEDu%204567%20H1%20%20Huanca%20Cahua%20Suky%20Flor%20.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
16. Huamani S. Funcionamiento familiar e ideación suicida en estudiantes de tres instituciones educativas estatales de villa El Salvador. (Tesis de maestría). Perú: Universidad Autónoma del Perú; 2020. Disponible en: http://repositorio.autonoma.edu.pe/bitstream/AUTONOMA/1161/1/Huamani%20Munaylla%2C%20Stefany.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who have publications with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors will retain their copyright and assign to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to a Creative Commons License / Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) that allows third parties to share the work as long as its author and first publication in this journal are indicated.
- Authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., depositing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this journal is indicated.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional telematic archives or on their web page) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work. (See The effect of open access).
15 junio 2025
