Conceptual evolution of autism spectrum disorder according to diagnostic classifiers
Keywords:
trastornos del espectro autista; clasificadores diagnósticos; pautas diagnósticasAbstract
Introduction: The first autistic profile was described by John Langdon Down in 1887, based on the observation of delayed cognitive development and autistic characteristics in children. Since then, conceptualizations have been established, leading to a definition currently based on a broad spectrum of the disorder.
Objective: To review the different classifications according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and to understand the breadth of the diagnosis currently available.
Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted from January to July 2023, through a search of bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Lilacs, Google Scholar, and Cumed. Descriptors in English and Spanish were used.
Result: Arguments are presented on the scientific basis found in the literature, allowing for an interpretation and analysis of the key elements related to the diagnosis and the criteria established according to the evolution of the manual, which facilitated understanding why the disorder is currently more prevalent.
Conclusions: Over the years, attention has focused on the same affected areas and the origins of the main manifestations; however, the nomenclature of the disorder has changed, and the criteria have been relaxed to accommodate a greater number of cases with autism spectrum disorders. Similarly, the latest classifier takes into account additional criteria that offer the possibility of more integrative care for each patient.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Iris Dany Carmenate Rodriguez, Sorahy Zoila Santander García, Arnel Antonio Rodríguez Cordero
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October 15 2025
