Obesity at the pregnancy beginning and the evolution of gestational diabetes
Keywords:
pregnancy, obesity, risk factor, gestational diabetesAbstract
Introduction: Obesity is a risk factor for gestational diabetes.
Objective: To characterize the presence of obesity at the pregnancy beginning and the evolution of gestational diabetes.
Method: A descriptive study was carried out at the Mariana Grajales Gyneco-Obstetric University Hospital in Santa Clara from 2020 to October 2023. The population consisted of 335 pregnant women who were treated with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes, all pregnant women were included in the study. The study variables were age, height, weight, nutritional status and weight gain, risk factors, glycemic control, insulin requirements and doses used, as well as type of delivery. Descriptive statistics were performed for the analysis of the variables using the SPSS v. 10 statistical program. 20.
Results: Pregnant women with gestational diabetes who began pregnancy as obese represent 56.71%, it is the subgroup that predominates with the highest number of risk factors, insufficient weight gain, 64% had poor glycemic control, 71.21% required high doses of insulin. The cesarean sections performed, 62% are obese.
Conclusions: Pregnant women with gestational diabetes, who begin pregnancy as obese, present insufficient weight gain, poor glycemic control requiring higher doses of insulin and dystocic deliveries by cesarean section.
Downloads
References
1.- Pasion Dettmann CS, Zorzal JK. Diabetes mellitus gestacional: una descripción general. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento [Internet]. 2020 [citado 22/05/2022]; 10(4): [aprox. 2p.]. Disponible en: https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/salud/descripcion-general
2.- Guerrero-Aguilar AS , Prado-Herrera MF , Alatrista Gutiérrez-Vda MS, Vela-Ruiz JM, Lama-Morales RA. Diabetes gestacional: impacto de los factores de riesgo en Lainoamérica. Rev Peru Investig Matern Perinat [Internet]. 2023 [citado 22/05/2022]; 12(1):[aprox. 3p.]. Dispobible en: https://investigacionmaternoperinatal.inmp.gob.pe/index.php/rpinmp/article/view/317
https://doi.org/10.33421/inmp.2023317
3.- Valencia IG. Diabetes gestacional como factor de riesgo de resultados Materno-Perinatales adversos en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Regional de Huacho, 2021-2022 [Tesis]. Perú: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; 2022 [citado 22/05/2022]. Disponible en: https://repositorio.upch.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12866/11974/Diabetes_ValenciaTipian_Eliana.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
4.- Quintero P. La diabetes mellitus gestacional y su relación con algunos factores de riesgo en el Policlínico “Pedro Borrás Astorga”. Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol [Internet]. 2021 [citado 27/12/2022]; 46(3):[aprox. 3p.]. Disponible en: http://www.revginecobstetricia.sld.cu/index.php/gin/article/view/5 39/
5.- Ferrer Y, García RP, Rodríguez R. Prevalencia de los factores de riesgo de la diabetes gestacional en la población obstétrica de Ciego de Ávila. MediCiego [Internet]. 2021 [citado 27/12/2022]; 27(1): [aprox. 3p.] Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/mediciego/mdc-2021/mdc211t.pdf
6. - International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 9th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2019.Disponible en: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
7.- Trivett C, Lees ZL, Freeman Dilys J. Adipose tissue function in healthy pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. Eur J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2021 [citado 27/12/2022]; 75(123): [aprox. 3p.]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34131300/
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-021-00948-9
8.- Cubillo Espinoza A. Tamizaje de diabetes gestacional: técnica de un paso vrs. dos pasos. Rev méd sinerg [Internet].2021 [citado 27/12/2022]; 6(10):e724. Disponible en: https://www.revistamedicasinergia.com/index.php/rms/article/view/724
https://doi.org/10.31434/rms.v6i10.724
9.- Viñas Escudero D. Diabetes gestacional y la futura predisposición a enfermedades metabólicas en la descendencia. Mecanismos implicados y posibles biomarcadores de interés- 2023 [Tesis]. España: Universitat de les Illes Balears; 2023 [citado 27/12/2022]. Disponible en: https://dspace.uib.es/xmlui/handle/11201/162681?show=full
10.- Zavala-Hoppe AN, Suárez-Saá NN, Ureta-Guerrero JM, Villacreses-Cordova LM. Epidemiología y medidas de prevención de la diabetes gestacional en Latinoamérica y Europa. MQRInvestigar [Internet]. 2024 [citado 27/12/2022]; 8(1):[aprox. 3p.].Disponible en: https://www.investigarmqr.com/ojs/index.php/mqr/article/view/952
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.8.1.2024.1390-1408
11.- Cabrera Rode E, Brayam JL-R, Rodríguez Acosta JM, Cuevas Dueñas J, Hernández Rodríguez J, Díaz Díaz O. Fenotipo hipoertensión-obesidad abdominal como indicador de silipidemia y resistencia a la insulina. Rev Salud Pública [Internet]. 2023 [citado 27/12/2022]; 25(6): [aprox. 2p.]. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0124-00642023000600002
https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v25n6.110831
12.- Olmos C P, Escalona O M, Illanes L S, Caradeux B J, Mardones G, Olivari U D, et al. Perfil lipídico en mujeres embarazadas sanas de tres regiones de Chile. Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología [Internet]. 2014 [citado 27/12/2022];79(5):[aprox. 2p.. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-75262014000500008&lng=es.
13.- Rodas Torres WP, Mawyin Juez AE, Gómez González Jl, Rodríguez Barzola CV, Serrano Vélez DG, Rodrígiez Torres DA. Diabetis gestacional: fisiopatología, diagnóstico, tratamiento y nuevas perspectivas. AVFT [Internet]. 2018 [citado 27/12/2022]; 37(3): [aprox. 3p.]. Disponible en: https://redi.cedia.edu.ec/document/256086
14.- Mustafa Tosur 1, Louis H. Philipson Precision diabetes: Lessons learned from maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). J Diabetes Investig [Internet]. 2022 [citado 27/12/2022]; 13(9): [aprox. 3p.]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35638342/
https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13860
15.- Lee BJ, Yim MH. Comparison of anthropometric and body composition indices in the identification of metabolic risk factors. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021 [citado 27/12/2022]; 11(1): [aprox. 2p.]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33976292/
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89422-x
16.- Yang R, Yu J, Luo Ch, Qi W, Yang D, Hui X, et al. Correlations and consistency of body composition measurement indicators and BMI: a systematic review International. Int J Obes. [Internet].2024 [citado 27/12/2022]; 49:[aprox. 3p.]. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-024-01638-9#citeas
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01638-9
17.- Ayedi A, Soltani S, Zargar MS, Khan TA, Shab-Bidar S. Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies. BMJ [Internet]. 2020 [citado 27/12/2022]; 370:m3324. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32967840/
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3324
18.- Müller TD, Blüher M, Tschöp MH, Di Marchi RD. Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov [Internet]. 2022 [citado 27/12/2022]; 21(3): [aprox. 2p.]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34815532/
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-021-00337-8
19.- Ahmed B, Sultana R, Greene MW. Adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese.
Biomed Pharmacother [Internet]. 2021 [citado 27/12/2022]; 137: [aprox.3p.].Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33561645/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111315
20.- Babu GR, Das A, Lobo E, Deepa R, John DA, Thankachan P, et all. Mid-upper arm circumference in pregnant women and birth weight in newborns as substitute for skinfold thickness: findings from the MAASTHI cohort study India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2021 [citado 27/12/2022]; 21(1):[aprox. 2p.]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34229644/
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03915-1
21.- Most J, Lynn K, Abby M, Altazan D, Redman LR. Advances in assessing body composition during pregnancy. Eur J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2018 [citado 27/12/2022]; 72(5): [aprox. 3p.]. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6348859/
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0152-8
22.- González-Torres S, Anaya-Esparza LM, Fermín Trigueros Del Valle G, Alfonso Rivera-León E, Villagrán Z, Sánchez-Enríquez Skinfold S. Thickness as a Cardiometabolic Risk Predictor in Sedentary and Active Adult Populations. J Pers Med [Internet]. 2023 [citado 27/12/2022]; 13(9):[aprox. 2p.]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37763094/
https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13091326
23.- Diéguez Martínez M, Miguel Soca PE, Rodríguez Hernández R, López Báster J, Ponce de León D. Prevalencia de obesidad abdominal y factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados en adultos jóvenes. Rev cubana salud pública [Internet]. 2017 [citado 27/12/2022]; 43(3):[aprox. 3p.].Disponible en: https://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-34662017000300007
24.- Msollo SS, Martin HD, Mwanri AW, Petrucka P. Simple method for identification of women at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Arusha urban, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet]. 2022 [citado 27/12/2022]; 22(1):[aprox. 3p.]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35794524/
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04838-1
25.- Ray JG, De Souza LR, Park AL, Connelly PW, Bujold E, Berger H. Preeclampsia and preterm birth associated with visceral adiposity in early pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can [Internet]. 2017 [citado 27/12/2022]; 39(2):[aprox. 2p.].Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27998690/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2016.10.007
26.- Lowe LP, Metzger BE, Lowe WL Jr, Dyer AR, McDade TW, McIntyre HD, et al. Inflammatory Mediators and Glucose in Pregnancy: Results from a Subset of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2010 [citado 27/12/2022]; 95(12):[aprox. 3p.]. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20843942/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who have publications with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors will retain their copyright and assign to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to a Creative Commons License / Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) that allows third parties to share the work as long as its author and first publication in this journal are indicated.
- Authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., depositing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this journal is indicated.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional telematic archives or on their web page) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations of the published work. (See The effect of open access).
15 junio 2025
